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Wayne Macfadden MD is a Psychiatrist at Spirit Lake Reservation in Fort Totten, North Dakota. At the reservation, Wayne Macfadden MD specializes in treating patients with Psychiatric Disorders and Substance Use Disorders.
Drug Use Disorders occur when people use specific drugs to induce effects on the brain. Some of the common Drug Use Disorders are caused by alcohol, stimulants such as methamphetamines, benzodiazepines, and opioid drugs.
Alcohol consumption can damage the brain and other vital organs. The cerebellum, the hippocampus, and the cerebral cortex are areas in the brain most susceptible to alcohol-related harm.
Stimulants are an illicit, frequently misused drug that can lead to severe health problems, addiction, and death. A powerful stimulant, cocaine raises alertness, energy, and mood. It also has adverse effects, such as increased blood pressure and heart rate.
Benzodiazepines such as Valium must be obtained by a doctor's prescription. Over a prolonged period, Benzodiazepine Use Disorders result in drug tolerance, a condition in which larger doses of drug are required to yield the same effect.
Opioid use disorders such as heroin may be the most challenging to treat. Heroin may cause extreme damage, mentally and physically, and often leads to overdose deaths.
